Imikhiqizo
I-Dexamethasone
Ifomula Yesakhiwo
Okomzimba
Ukubukeka: impushana emhlophe
Ubukhulu: 1.1283
Indawo yokuncibilika: 262-264°C
Indawo yokubilisa: 568.2±50.0°C
Idatha Yezokuphepha
Isigaba esiyingozi: Izimpahla ezijwayelekile
Isicelo
Isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukulwa nokuvuvukala kanye ne-anti-allergenic.Ilungele i-rheumatoid arthritis nezinye izifo ze-collagen.
I-Dexamethasone (DXMS) yaqala ukwenziwa ngo-1957 futhi isohlwini lwe-WHO Essential Medicines Standard List njengomunye wemithi ebalulekile yezinhlelo zezempilo zomphakathi eziyisisekelo.
NgoJuni 16, 2020, i-WHO yathi imiphumela yokuqala yokuhlolwa komtholampilo e-United Kingdom ikhombise ukuthi i-dexamethasone ingasindisa izimpilo ezigulini ezine-neocoronary pneumonia enzima, inciphise ukufa ngengxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yeziguli ezisebenzisa ama-ventilators futhi cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezinhlanu zeziguli umoya-mpilo kuphela.
I-Dexamethasone iyi-corticosteroid yokwenziwa engasetshenziswa ekwelapheni izifo eziningi, okuhlanganisa izifo ze-rheumatic, izimo ezithile zesikhumba, ukungezwani komzimba okunamandla, isifuba somoya, isifo esingamahlalakhona esivimba amaphaphu, i-right laryngitis, i-cerebral edema, futhi ngokunokwenzeka kanye nokuhlanganiswa nama-antibiotics ezigulini ezinesifo senhliziyo. isifo sofuba.Inesilinganiso sokukhulelwa esingu-C e-United States, esidinga ukuhlolwa ukuthi ukusebenza kahle komuthi kuyayidlula imiphumela emibi ngaphambi kokuba unikezwe, kanye nesilinganiso esingu-A e-Australia, okubonisa ukuthi sivame ukusetshenziswa kwabesifazane abakhulelwe. nokuthi abukho ubufakazi bokulimala kombungu.
Imiphumela ye-Pharmacological
I-Dexamethasone, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-flumethasone, i-fluprednisolone, ne-dexamethasone, iyi-glucocorticoid.Okuphuma kuyo kuhlanganisa i-hydrocortisone, i-prednisone, njll. Imithelela yayo yezemithi ikakhulukazi i-anti-inflammatory, anti-toxic, anti-allergic kanye ne-anti-rheumatic, futhi isetshenziswa kakhulu emisebenzini yomtholampilo.I-plasma T1/2 yayo iyimizuzu eyi-190 kanti izicubu ze-T1/2 ziyizinsuku ezi-3.Izinga eliphakeme legazi le-dexamethasone sodium phosphate noma i-dexamethasone acetate lifinyelela ngehora eliyi-l namahora angu-8 ngokulandelana ngemva komjovo we-intramuscular.Izinga lokubopha amaprotheni e-plasma yalo mkhiqizo liphansi kunelinye i-corticosteroids.Umsebenzi wokulwa nokuvuvukala we-0.75 mg ulingana no-5 mg we-prednisolone.I-Adrenocorticosteroids, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic and anti-toxic effects inamandla kune-prednisone, futhi imiphumela yokugcinwa kwe-sodium kanye ne-potassium excretion ilula kakhulu.
1. Umphumela wokulwa nokuvuvukala: Unganciphisa futhi uvimbele ukuphendula kwezicubu ekuvuvukeni, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphise ukubonakaliswa kokuvuvukala.Ama-hormone avimbela ukuqoqwa kwamangqamuzana okuvuvukala, okuhlanganisa ama-macrophages nama-leukocyte, endaweni yokuvuvukala futhi avimbele i-phagocytosis, ukukhululwa kwama-enzyme e-lysosomal, kanye nokuhlanganiswa nokukhululwa kwabaxhumanisi bamakhemikhali bokuvuvukala.
2. Imiphumela ye-immunosuppressive: okuhlanganisa ukuvimbela noma ukuvimbela ukuphendula kwamasosha omzimba ahlangene namaseli, ukulibaziseka ukungezwani komzimba, ukunciphisa inani lama-T lymphocyte, ama-monocyte, nama-eosinophils, ukwehlisa amandla okubopha ama-immunoglobulins kuma-cell surface receptors, kanye nokuvimbela ukuhlanganiswa nokukhululwa kwama-interleukins. , ngaleyo ndlela kunciphisa ukuguqulwa kwe-T lymphocyte ku-lymphoblasts futhi kunciphise ukwanda kwezimpendulo zokuzivikela eziyinhloko.Yehlisa ukudlula kwama-immune complexes ngokusebenzisa ulwelwesi olungaphansi futhi inciphise ukugcwala kwezakhi ezihambisanayo nama-immunoglobulins.
Imuncwa kalula epheshaneni le-GI, nge-plasma T1/2 yemizuzu eyi-190 kanye nezicubu ze-T1/2 zezinsuku ezi-3.Izinga eliphakeme legazi lifinyelelwa ngehora eli-1 namahora ayi-8 ngemuva kokujova i-dexamethasone sodium phosphate noma i-dexamethasone acetate ngokulandelana.Izinga lokubopha amaprotheni e-plasma yalo mkhiqizo liphansi kunezinye i-corticosteroids, futhi umsebenzi wokulwa nokuvuvukala walo mkhiqizo 0.75 mg ulingana no-5 mg we-prednisolone.
